ZX Appeal

JAN/89

vancouver sinclair
users SCoOuUPr

TRIS ISSUC nanesene 2
Bits&Plieces....................... 2
"Down Under" Repott...... 3
Meeting Date................... 3
JANUARY 13/89 Nov meet minutes............. 4
Dec meet minutes............. ey
ZX Appeal is a monthly Member's Profile.............. 6
newsletter put out by the Easy Protectionl!............... 7
Vancouver Sinclair Users Group. Fast Loadtl........................ 9
i ation on the
ST ded nq su 2 Oh Y dahi oasis 9
—. Prem TOO Wats usa: 10
aN Computer: Flu?.................. 11
EER User Group List sies 12
For Sale ca wise tacos 12
MC Pointers...................... 14
The Variable Display......... 15
Bold as Brazx.................... 17
Hardware project............. 19

GL ONET CONSIRE NG
S\N Trump Card purchas

6 — ee

=

THIS ISSUE: wis ke 9 sk dae Meee wae ed

G-day. Yes, thank you, I had a great
time — if four weeks of white sand,
warm water, palm trees, and a little
(a lot!) of the Amber Nect#r can be
called a great time. Back to the
land of moss and mildew. People in
Oz were amazed when I told them that
in the winter we go to work with our
headlites on, drive home with them on
and stay indoors for six months. They
thought it a pretty crummy way to
live and I have to say Im starting
to agree with then. While were
indoors, let”“s get to some good ol”
computin’.

This month well try and make up for
the fairly sparse issues of late. We
have Wilf in with a very readable
item about MC pointers; Wilf also has
brought in an interesting and
stimulating item about enhancing the
video display routine on a 1000. Both
these items will be Part one this
month and Part two next issue. Ken
stops by with a rewrite and update of
an article he did some years back
about protecting your equipment from
high-voltage transients - no, not the
kind that hang around Bus depots
waiting for your daughter.
Out-of-town”’er Dave came through with
‘a members profile — many thanks Dave!
That only leaves the rest of you -
and you know who you are! We reprint
an article that is very much in the
news lately ~- VIRUSES. This time

from a Canajan viewpoint. Fred is
back with an article about...well,
Tit let Fred explain. We also
reprint a review of a Desk Top
Publishing program for a

Spectrum-emulated 2068. The review
was created using this program and is
taken from the “Spectacle”, the
newsletter of the West Aust ZX Users
Assoc. You“ 1l see how superior this
program is to anything presently
available. Hopefully, when we become
more proficient at using the progran,
we°ll be able to use it to create
‘much of the newsletter. The Club
bought the program and it will
shortly be in the 2068 library if

anyone wants to take a closer look.
The word processor part alone is
better than anything presently

available for the 2068, and In
including Mscript in that comparison.

KEK KK kk k'ik KK KA kk KK kk kk kk KK kk KK KK kk RK kk
BITS&PIECES..... ......................

s... Ray Youngberg, of Dayton, Ohio,
has written offering for sale his
very extensive hardware, software,
and publication collection of things
Sinclair and Timex. The list is too
long to print here so if anyone is
interested in looking at the list,
let me know at the meeting.
+.eanother X-member, Rudy, is also
offering for sale his very extensive
hardware and software collection of
goodies for the 2068. See list
printed elsewhere.

s... the Z88 seems to be gathering
interest. A couple of the mainstream
mags have recently printed quite
favourable reviews and a Users Group
is starting up in Califonia. It s
been heard that VSUG-member Tim
Woods, publisher of Time Designs,
will be coming out with a magazine
for the Z88. Prices for the little
black beastie did dip last Fall but

are now poised for an INCREASE.
Faltering machines don’t increase
their prices.

--efirst we heard that Knighted
Computers had pulled the pin. Then
we heard that they were still

supporting TS machines but only the
2068 and from a new address. Now we
hear from a club member who spoke to
someone from Knighted on the “phone
confirming that Knighted Computers
was definitely out of the TS
marketplace. We also hear that Curry
Computer will no longer be bringing
in any Spectrum items from Britain.
Anyone left out there?

+. 1200 baud modem boards by Hayes
are available from Lynn Johnson, 3490
The Alameda, Santa Clara, Ca 95050,
at $19.95US each or 15 for $225US. If
ordering by credit card call
408-984-6300. These babies just need
a power supply and MTL/RS232 level
converters to work. Perfect for you
hardware hackers.

+. the club has received a copy of

QL_DOC, a newsletter for the QL from
Quebec...but it’s in French. Looks
pretty good. Anyone want to take a

look, let me know.

2

+. Frank Toemay, of Quantum
Computing, was the most enthusiastic
supporter of the QL Ive come across.

His business“s sales brochure was
also the most impressive. So I guess
it is only fitting that when his
business failed it did so with the
loudest crash. Frank declared
backruptcy to get out from under,
listing his assets as one cent and
his liabilities as over $60,000US.
The Milwaukee group paid for three

QLs they never received and they were

only a small portion of a large
number of people left holding the
bag. s

RHEE KK KK KK KK KK KK KK KK KK KK KK KK KK KK KK KEKE

*** DOWN UNDER

Sinclair computing is still going
strong in Western Australia - if a
little diminished since I was there
two and a half years ago. The W.A.
Users Group has about 50 members and
is holding steady. All software and
hardware must be obtained by
mail-order from Britain. The Amstrad
is the big kid on the block with many
models available in many stores. The
Z88 is just starting to come in. I
had the pleasure of meeting Garth
Gregson the last time I was in Perth
when Garth had been memtioned to me
as the Prez of the W.A. group. I

RENEWING MEMBERS:

Pat Igglesden, Ian Robertson
Gale Winterburn, Rusty Townsend
Chung Chow, Vince Lee

Wilf Rigter, Joan Kealy

Kim Hunkins, Don Walterman

NEW MEMBERS:

Mel Richardson, Windsor, Ont.
Warren Tucker, Vallejo, Calif.
Rene Bruneau, Toronto, Ont.
Warren Jackson, Roscoe, Ill.

Real Gagnon, Montreal; Que.
RE KK KK KK KEK KK KK KK KK RK KK KK EK EK EK EK KEKE

REPORT ***

again looked Garth up , finding that
he is now the WAZX Assoc treasurer.
I went along with Garth while he was
picking up a Z88 and a whole bunch of
related goodies from a computer shop
for an absolute bargain - $600 for
the lot. A super deal! Garth was
looking forward to another enjoyable
learning curve. I also met Gary
Nahnkoph the current Prez and
Newsletter editor. The QL seems to
have gone it”s own way with a
separate Users Group set up for QL
users. I wasn“t able to get in touch
with anyone from this group.

HEH KK EK KL KK LK KK LK KK EK KEKE EK RE HE HERE RE

..meeting date!

Be there ....
or be square!!

Nov Minutes

The meeting was opened at 19:25 by Gerd who informed us he was wearing
five hats this evening; ie. Pres, Vice Pres, Treasurer, Editor & Book
Librarian. There were 14 people present.

The first item of business was the fact that we need "a volunteer ta do
the next newsletter", as Rod is standing upside down again (in Aussie-land).
The silence was deafening & Gerd got stuck with it, by default.

Gerd the Treasurer tells us we have about 1K in ye olde credit union.

Gerd the VP, says Glenn the VP says Greetings, but I can’t came tonight.
The modems are not quite ready. [Since then I have seen a BRS message frei
Glenn that the modems are now available.)

Gerd the Editor says We need more articles!

Gerd the Book Librarian says Kevin is long gone, cut where it snows all
winter instead of raining. Gerd tells us he edited the library dawn, threw out
some stuff. This brought out the ire of some accomplished cheapness
afficianades. We need a book librarian. Wilf suggested that considering the
age of some of the written material, that the job title be changed to
historian.

Gerd is going to inventory the library contents & put it in the
newsletter. If any out of towners would like ta borraw any of this material,
write Gerd.

Bill Rutter the 2068 librarian says nothing much is new.

Jim Horne the 1000 librarian says the library is getting lots of use,
about 4@ titles a month qcing cut.

The hardware group met at Ian’s the first week Gf November. The praject
was printer interfaces; putting memotext inta the NVM. Wilf has built a
Printer interface (fer the wife) using the Zilog FIO. The next meeting at
Harry’s will feature the Battle of the Interfaces.

Ken Grant demoed some British educational software — Micro Primer from
the MicroElectronics Education Programme. Thison a Spectrum.

Wilf passed arcund a 64K credit card sized [& thickness] memory card
Which he brought from work. It was an HI OKI 9526 IC Card.

Harvey had brought some Usenet and BBS info on the virus which made the
big splash earlier that week. He also had the Peitgen & Richter book, The
Beauty of Fractals which he showed. A long and involved conversation sbout
viruses got fairly weird about here.

Ken Abramson showed a pamphlet on a pet identification system called
InfoPet, which puts an encoded pellet beneath the skin of a pet. This code can
then be read with a suitable scanner & the lost pet returned to its rightful
owners. Fantasies of Big Brother began to be expressed.

Harvey mentioned that some long term care institutions are using a
Similar warning/ID system with confused residents, although with bracelets
rather than under the skin. ` .

At this point, the conversation turned to aircraft simulators. Gail
Winterburn, who usually is very quiet, became quite animated telling us about
a 767 autopilot he had seen in Montreal. This autopilot had approximately 158
processors; there were 3 main systems which were fault tolerant. He also had
seen an F18 simulator over at Courtenay.

Rod H sent a message that there was a QL on sale cheap in the current Buy
& Sell. This qave rise to a Protracted discussion on the merits of various
sytems as dedicated wordprocessing systems. The Apple II versus the QL was the
primary comparison. WYSIWYG in the Psion Program Quill was explained.

There was here a discussion of the Radia Shack speech recogniton chip.
Ken Grant says he will demonstrate the Kara speech chip at some meeting, or
rather his son will, if we can get the smokers to butt out. He is allergic to
tobacca smoke.

Ken Abramson then told us of rescuing a a TS15Ø which had a burnt out
power transistor. The Timex number is ZTX 75@, which Ken replaced with a
generic MPS VS1.

The meeting dissolved into general mayhem & merriment.

Harvey Taylor

December Minutee

«by Your Humble Scribe

When Harvey finally arrived, Gerd was holding
down the fort by telling the group about the M-1109
printer he bought from a local chain for $110.

Gerd formally opened the meeting at 19:35 with 15
valiant souls present. Gerd started by relating that his
order from Zebra had arrived. He'd been starting to
wonder whether they were still in business. Gerd then
passed around the Nov. minutes he received - too late
to include in the newsletter. Harvey noted that his
(Harvey's) “put-it-offer" was working very well
indeed, to which Glenn Read replied that he needed a
“round-tu-it". (Anybody want a job?)

Glenn Read says the 1200 baud modems are now
available. After all the questions and waiting, it did not
seem that too many people were willing to open their
wallets. He is looking at ing the RS232 stuff.
Glenn then mentioned he'd been studying the Sinclair
Rampak circuit and noted they use the +9V line to
generate the needed -5V and +12V levels. Which is
why the RamPak will not work with the PC8300. Then
ensued a lot of discussion about the good old days of
4116's, etc.

As Gerd was still wearing 5 hats [Rod H. is still
“down-under"], he told us he didn't know exactly how
much money we had but it was about 1K. As Temp
Editor he wished for many more articles.
Writers...please!

Harry Slot reported for the hardware SIG. They'd
met the previous Sunday and would be meeting again
at Harry's in a couple of weeks. The last meeting was
spent primarily tracking down a cold solder joint on Ian
McLean's printer interface. Apparently this took several
hours & was as maddening as hardware debugging can
be.

Bill Rutter, for the 2068 library, says he has nothing
much new. Jim Home, for the 1000 library, was not
present but Gerd brought several requested tapes. Gerd,
as the Book Librarian, reported that he was still making
up the book list.

Bob Denison reported the Robot group recently held
its Annual General meeting. The contact person is Al
Wright, an early ZX81 afficianado and Original
Member.

Ken Abramson stood to tell us he had actually been
using the much-vaunted TeleComm of which we have
been speaking of late. He's been using the MTS system
via Simon Fraser University to brainstorm with a chap
in Dawson Creek. Glenn Read related a tale of an
unfortunate MTS outport security lapse. Ken also

reported that the new copyright law was making itself
felt in the school system. He passed around a software
licensing agreement form from Didatech. [Now do you
want to do away with intellectual pro rty?]

There was some discussion of the number of
libraries which have catalogues on-line. There were
mentioned three locally: SFU, Richmond Public &
Surrey Public. From here the conversation drifted to
where ta get good deals on paper. The preferred sources
being Costco € the Canadian Warehouse Club. It seems
they even have 8" thermal paper. Gerd did some tests
on Radio Shack- thermal paper and Fax-
thermal paper. He found the R/S stuff fades over time.
It turned out that Glenn's business had been involve?
in fairly extensive tests of different sorts of thermal
paper. [There may be an article there, Glenn, wink,
wink, nudge, nudge.] He has run into people ironing
their (CBO) tickets & having them tum all black. Even
stranger, there is a factor of humidity involved. Some
paper, while working in Vancouver, fails in Toronto.
Ken Abramson reported that “white-out" correction
paint makes 2040 paper turn black! Harry Slot reports
that cat urine erases the standard Radio Shack type 2040

rinter paper! (How did he come to find this out!?...ed)

urther, Harry reported that the paper was reusable!
(Would you want too? Hey Harry, wet or dry?...ed) On
that pungent note the topic was dropped.

Ken Grant rescued us from a cat fight by telling us
about an excellent article in PC-Computer Magazine on
how Stephen Hawking, the British physicist,
communicates via a speech board.

Harvey then showed a series of Fractal and
Mandelbrot slides he bought from the Amygdala
newsletter.

After the light show there was general discussion of
the technique and difficulties involved in the
Mandelbrot generation process. When the aptness of
parallel processing [viz. Ciarcia's Mandelbrot Engine in
Oct/Nov/88 Byte] was mentioned, Louis Montminy
stated he wanted to multiprocess with TS1000's!

Glenn Read told the group of the Hacker's
Dictionary he found. In particular it contained a
reference to the mythical “computron". this is a particle
of computing ability which is frequently close to absent
at multi-computer installations. There was also talk of a
Stanford university keyboard which had, in addition to
the ar ALT, CONTROL and SHIFT keys, also
HYPER, META, BUCKY-BITS and four varieties of Shift
keys.
Tik Abramson told a dynamite joke which I don't
remember & mayhem ensued. A splendid time was

had by all, 5

Membership Profile

I ama school teacher, Grade 7/8 level, in the Math, Science and
Geography areas. I presently use a TS 2068, Spectrumized with a
Rainbow emulater and edge-connector, to which 1 have
piggy-backed a AGF joystick interface and a LPRINT TET
centronics printer interface. The later drives a Panasonic
KX-P1080 printer. I use a black on green Apple III monitor for
visual feedback. My program collection leans heavily towards
simulations (FIGHTER PILOT, CHECKERED FLAG, HUNTER-KILLER,
FORMULA ONE, NIGEL MANSELL'S GRAND PRIX, etc.) "work" programs
(TASWORD II, OMNICALC, ARTIST, ARTWORX, MASTERFILE, etc. ), and
a large collection of arcade games. Many of the latter were
provided by my cousin, who lives in England and has two
Spectrums. He also has provided the add-ons previously
mentioned. My happiest day was Christmas 1986, when I found out
I could get a Spectrum emulater (the OMNI-EMU). Before that, I
despaired of using any of the software my kind relative sent me.
I still use cassette storage with a GE” tape-recorder, which I
got from E. Arthur Brown.

The OMNI-EMU now resides in the storage carton, with the TS
1000, the TS 2040, and the various power supplies. I use my
machine to make tests, exams, assignments and drawings for
school, and to facilitate my hobby of sports (read baseball and
hockey) statistics. OMNICALC is especially useful in this area.
I am afraid I don't really understand the workings of the
machine, but I have taught myself enough Basic that I can write
a program to solve any problem I run into at school. I use
TIMEMACHINE to speed these up creme tOneyt ye but usually I don't
worry about having to wait.

I algo have a fairly large collection of English magazines (ZX
Computing and Sinclair User), from 1986-1988, but I stopped
getting them when they ceased publication or got ridiculous. My
cousin also supplied about a full file-drawer worth of clippings
from other Sinclair mags which he collected for me. Finding
anything in this vast clippings file is most difficult in spite
of the fact that I categorized it.

In the near future I plan to buy a TS 2068 as a backup to "Old
Reliable", which I might add, has worked without a hitch for
over three years. This cannot be said of any of the C64s, of
which we have 18 at my school. Everyone of them has had to be
repaired at least once in the last two years (I know, as I am in
charge of them). I would be pleased to communicate with any
other member of VSUG about matters TS, although I must admit
complete ignorance of "pull-up resistors" and such.

6 Dave Noordhoff

Chatham Ontario

ELECTRICAL TRANSIENT PROTECTION MADE EASY -- by Ken Abramson

The Problem:

It was a dark and stormy summer night. Mr. and Mrs. S. looked out
of their livingroom window into a dazzling display of lightning accomp-
anied by tumultuous claps of thunder-- very unusual for Vancouver. All
of a sudden, the lights flickered and then extinguished. One-half hour
later when the lights came back on, Mr. S. decided to watch a video
movie. He was quite alarmed when neither the TV nor the VCR would work.
A quick check of the breakers revealed nothing and other electrical
equipment would work when plugged into the same outlet.

Five days and $140 later Mr. S. tried to recoup part of the TV and
VCR repair costs from the insurance company and from B.C. Hydro. "Had
your equipment caught fire, you might have had a claim, but otherwise
you are not covered for acts of God," came one reply.

The next reply, however, was more enlightening. "What your
equipment experienced was a high voltage spike or transient probably
caused by lightning striking a power line or a Hydro distribution
centre. Although these transients usually last for less than a milli-
second, their high voltages and currents may contain instantaneous
energy equivalents of up to a few Joules. In other words, this short
duration, high energy voltage spike will find its way into the closest
solid state devices and burn them out. Low voltage computer logic
chips are especially vulnerable."

But this scenario does not occur only during lightning storms!
It can even happen on a sunny day in August and can originate in your
very own home!

Recalling your high school physics, a coil of wire wrapped around
an iron core produces a magnetic field when an electric current flows
through the coil. The iron core quickly becomes magnetized. But if.
the electric current is suddenly switched off, the magnetic energy in
the iron core suddenly collapses and, depending on the nature of the
coil (e.g. its number of turns), may induce in it a voltage of up to
a few thousand volts! In your home, any large electric motor or
transformer may cause potentially damaging high voltage spikes to
appear on the power line when switched on and off. Examples of such
motorized appliances are: washing machines, refrigerators and freezers,
furnace motors, vacuum cleaners, electric drills, air conditioners,
table saws, kitchen blenders, etc.

The Solution: Suppressing your transients:

In the past, some ingenious, but somewhat limited methods for
voltage spike protection have been used. The difficulties in transient
suppression are inherent in the nature of transient voltages. Having
generally undefined durations and frequencies, many transients cannot
be eliminated by electromagnetic interference filters. Back-to-back
zener diodes across a line worked, but were expensive, limited in their
power dissipations, and limited in their availability. 7

Enter the 'MOV' ( Metal Oxide Varistor ). Available in many energy
and voltage ratings, when this inexpensive component is placed across a
power-line circuit, it acts as an open circuit (i.e.- it does nothing)
under normal circumstances. If, however, a high voltage spike appears on
the line, the varistor quickly acts like a short circuit and thus absorbs
the spike until the voltage drops below the designed clamping voltage
characteristics. How quickly will these varistors act? The General
Electric MOV-II series response time is stated to be less than 50 ns
( a nanosecond is one billionth of a second )!

There are two ways of utilizing this varistor technology. One way
is to buy GE or RCA voltage spike protectors already on the market for
$12 ( see ‘Spike Protector', Popular. Science, July, 1983 ). This is a
small device that you plug into a wall outlet and then plug your VCR,
computer or a multiple outlet bar into the device. This spike protector
is a sealed plug/outlet unit containing a varistor and offering a
relatively good degree of protection, clamping transients to a maximum
of approximately 435 volts.

The alternative to buying your spike suppressor ready-made is to
customize your own.: Anybody who can connect two wires to a household
plug can easily make a simple transient suppressor. Considering that an
actual varistor costs less than $2.00, and that all you have to do is to
connect it across the line to be protected, you can have several home-
made suppressors for the cost of a commercially made one. In customizing
your own, you can also match the varistor clamping voltages much more
closely to the overvoltage tolerances of your own equipment. For
computer equipment you might choose varistors with lower nominal clamp
voltages than those found in the commercial spike protectors. Also,
you can select varistors that can be built right into the power supply
of the computer or of the equipment to be protected. You can thus
effectively double-up on your protection.

Construction: Models 1 & 2, Cheap & Dirty:

Model 1 consists of a small disc-shaped varistor V180ZAl or
V130LA2, having a diameter of 8mm, wired across the terminals of a
small rubber line-plug. This is then plugged into the same outlet as
the transient-producing appliance ( washer, refrigerator, etc. ).
Cost: varistor $1.77 plus 75¢ for the plug.

Model 2 uses a larger varistor V180ZA10 ( or V130LA10A ), having
a diameter of l6mm, installed in a correspondingly larger line-plug

( 2-prong). Cost: varistor $1.87 plus plug $1.35. This will
protect against pretty-well any high voltage spikes you are likely to
have on your line, other than, say, a direct lightning strike. A few
of these devices plugged into your household outlets should afford
excellent voltage spike protection.

..cont'd on pg 13.

8

This simple little program in-
creases the Baud rate at which
the ZX81 saves and loads to
1500. This means that the
already awkward save/load
system becomes even more
critical, however | have found
that provided you keep your
cassette in good operating con-
dition, clean and with the heads
regularly adjusted, then no
real problems should be ex-
perienced.
You must make absolutely cer-
tain that the characters in Line
10 are exactly the same, and
the Line 1 REM must contain
244 characters. It might be
wise to save a copy of this pro-
gram BEFORE running it!
Having RUN the program,
delete one line at atime, lines 10
to 90 and type in — making sure
Line 1 REM is still there — pro-
gram 2. Prepare a cassette and
RUN the program, it will save
itself on tape and then set itself
up ready for use. Before saving
or loading any program load this
in first, a program must be saved
at this speed before you can
reload it at the higher Baud rate.
Use RAND USR 32512 to
save a program and RAND USR
32525 to subsequently reload a
program.

2X81 Fast Load

lan Deaville lives in the fast lane in
Rotherham and explains to the other |
ZX8iters how to join him.

PROGRAM 1

I RÈM Ane che es hs 244 CHARS u. se
dei SETC; ¿ETC
18 LET A®="CD239F11967FCD2B7FCD2
BOF211D7F221649CD797FCD2BOFCISBS
BSBPIGSISSSSSSSCDASSSSEFFEBLICBL
2CD469F392E 1 9FE1 B7AB3S29F 4CD4E7FC
B7E2328F8219949CD4E7FCDFCS118F85
E37CB13C89FE692C691 4FDSFF962319F
ECD469F3972961E1SFESD29EECSD87F 1
8ESCDASA3CB12CBRACD7C7F 1GFBSEG19
6993E7F DBFEDSFF 1F38491717382819F
1F1BADZE593626BCD7C7FCB7A792993C
B7B7B38F519F5D1 2694FES639B23FCB1
13g@gADC97AA728BBCFOCA796501g9FEC36
E7F2182491 1997F91ES9SEDBS21FF7E2
28449C3C393"

15 LET x=16514

*.......

2@ FAST

38 IF A®="" THEN GOTO 89

49 POKE X,16*¥CODE AS+CODE AS(2)-
476
5g
69

LET At=AS(3 TO )
LEY X=X+1

GOTO 39

SLOW

STOP

PROGRAM 2

19 SAVE
28 PRINT
2312"

38 PRINT
2525"

48 PAUSE 159

38 RAND USR 16738

"SUPERLOAD”
“TO SAVE USE RAND USR 3

"TO LOAD USE RAND USR 3

Take Be Ea REN RT ORTAR CORR ` AAR SARTRE TRE STA DETANT EE DE RTI i SE BEDE ELE A EREDETE

Sanyo claims its new MBC-16LT laptop is the world’s smallest
and lightest.

..somebody want to tell
these guys about the Z88.

—— nn cF NH
=

|

Spectrum News

Spectrum
Desk-Top
Publishing!

Cardex Software have produced a
suite of programs designed’ to
bring desk-top publishing to the
humble 48k Spectrum.

Word-Master is the word
processor at the centre of the
system, with fast text editing,
graphics and multiple file
handling facilities, this program
is very useful itself for normal
word processing.

Headliner is a, graphic design
program that loads into
Word-Master and can be used
simultaneously. Six giant fonts
are supplied for creating
headlines and titles - see the
examples on this page.

Typeliner adds full page layout
facilities and a variety of fonts,
allowing complex, high quality
printing to be produced.

Typeliner
Typeliner is an extension to the
Word-Master so

approached

This page was produced
on an ordinary 48k
Spectrum and an Epson
compatible printer with
Word-Master, Headliner
and Typeliner!

slightly smaller than a sheet of A4
paper. You can zoom in on the page to
see the fine detail.

All of Typeliner's facilities are
accessed by single key-strokes and the
effect seen immediately in the display;
the cursor keys, for example, make a
text-block larger or smaller. There’s no
need to type in x & y positions.

Printing
The finished layout can be printed in

DRAFT or NLQ maes. The draft
option uses the printer’s 60 dots/inch

= Twelve fonts are supplied in various

styles and sizes, with a font editor for
creating your own styles.

Graphics

You can load graphics created with a
separate art program or design them.
with Headliner. ‘Snapshot’ screens can
also be loaded.

Graphics can be stretched vertically
and horizontally and printed with
shading. Text can be wrapped around
a graphic by moving text-boxes to
follow its contours. Graphics can be
positioned anywhere on the page and
even overlapped. Up to twelve can be
used on a single page.

Compatibility
Word-Master, Headliner & Typeliner
are available in versions compatible
with the 48k, 128k, 128k+2 and
Spectrum+3. The +3 version runs in
128k mode and allows full use of the
RAM-disk and built-in printer ports.

The programs can be used with
cassette or disk. Compatible
interfaces include the DISCIPLE, Plus D,
OPUS Discovery, Swift-Disk and
TR-BETA. A special version is also
available for Sinclair Microdrives.

If you already have a
word-processor, text files from this
can be converted for use within
Word-Master and Typeliner.

Printers

Reprinted from the ‘Spectacle’,

the newsletter of the Western
Australia ZX Users Assoc.

Computer viruses: Could
it happen in Canada?

by Nancy Putterman
Computing Canada

At the beginning of Novem-
ber, the U.S. watched for two
long days as the largest assault
ever on a computer system net-
work brought thousands of sys-
tems to a standstill.

The attack, a computer virus
infection that spread across the
U.S. with alarming speed, was
according to much of the U.S.
media, unintentional. But the
virus program computer student
Robert Morris at Cornell Uni-
versity in Ithica, N.Y. devised
had much of America on edge
as it attacked and paralyzed
about 6,000 of the country’s
computers. It made hundreds of
copies in each machine it
entered. It even penetrated U.S.
military data, although it didn’t
breach the security of any vital
military information.

It is downright creepy to im-
agine a computer virus. Like its
human analog, it emerges from
the dark depths of a system and
reproduces itself, creating off-

spring which further multiply.

In the latest U.S. case, the virus
gained entry through the open
“back door” — often called
trap door — of +a computer sys-
` tem’s program software. It went
rampant from there.

As obvious as computer

viruses are to the programmer .
whose machine is virtually im- `

mobilized, most. people don’t
understand them. A virus, says

David Gamey of the Coopers &
Lybrand Consulting Group in
Toronto, is a program that in-
fects other programs by modi-
fying them to include a copy of
itself. Viruses are usually intro-
duced by a “trojan horse”, a
program that in addition to its
normal function has been
deliberately programmed to
have undesired effects. The in-
fected programs are turned into
trojan horses to spread the virus
even further.

Viruses and trojan horses

can be used to introduce “logic
bombs” into systems. Logic
bombs are programs that have
been set up to do something
damaging under certain condi-
tions, such as erasing or scram-
bling data. There is also a
possibility of getting copycat
viruses where someone can
modify an existing harmless
virus to be malicious.

How viruses work is this:
The virus, explains Gamey, co-
pies itself into the boot-strap
area, a section of a disk which
is run automatically at start-up
time, enabling the virus to gain
control whenever that disk is
used to start the system. It may
also take control of specific
operating system functions and
services, or it might modify an
existing program on the system

to include a copy of itself.

By exploiting these func-
tions, he adds, a virus could get
control before the proper oper-
ating system software gets con-
trol. And it can have access to
data and programs in the system
until the system is actually

` turned off.

Of course, there are ways
computers can be protécted
against viruses, including, natu-
rally, “vaccinations” — security
software designed to prevent
viruses from infecting computer
systems. The latest incident in
the U.S., however, proves that
viruses can get out of control.
And now many Canadians are

likely wondering if the same

thing could happen here.
According to David Griffiths,
a partner at Coopers & Lybrand
Computer Security and Contin-
gency Planning Practice,
Canada’s computer networks are
different than American net-
works. In the U.S., he explains,
a large variety of inter-discip-
lines — such as the military,
academia, science, and vendors
— may all be users on the
same network. In Canada,
however, many disciplines such
as education or military are tied
into their own networks. So
while viruses are possible in
any network says Griffiths, the
potential of a computer virus
affecting the same multitude of
computers in Canada as it did in

_the U.S. is “unlikely” to hap-

pen.

Canada’s networks less
susceptible to viruses

11

=== SER-GROUPS:

Amiga User Group (PaNorAmA), BCIT, Rm 129AGeneral
Meets 2nd Wed 7:30; Programmers 4th Wed 7:30

Apples BC Computer Society Lome 467-6062. Octl-Pacific
Coast Computer Fair,McPherson Cent, Bby (flea market &
user group displays). Oct. 10 - ABCCS Exec Meet Oct. 26 —
regular monthly Oct. MAC meeting.

Apple II User Group Meeting BC Apple Society, Burnaby
Rugby Club, Oct 3 regular meeting Kiyo Masuda 437-9935

Apple HI SIG Monthly Kiyo Masuda 437-9935

Beaver Valley Commodore Club Meets first Tues every
month at Montrose School Library. Call John Vink 367-
6426

B.C. Unix User’s Group meets 4 times a year. Call George
Pajari 925-2555, 2545 Queens Ave, West Van V7V 2Y9.

Clipper Developers Association 1st Mon SFU 873-0747

Commodore Club 1st Tues Sunset Comm Cent 738-3311

Forth Interest Group Speakers and Tutorials on Forth hard.,
soft.& applic. Meets 7:30 1st Thurs, BCIT main bldg, 3700
Willingdon Rm. 1A-324

Kaypro User Group Vancouver Portable Computer Club
3rd Monday at Kaypro (CP/M) 278-5776

Mac User Group Meeting BC Apple Society, WCB
Building, 6951 Westminster Hwy (Kiyo Masuda) 437-9935.

Mainland Mac Rm 115 Kwantlen College, Surrey, 574-3813,
Ron Haidenger. Call for info

Maple Ridge Computer User Group 467-2647 M.R.
Sr.Secondary School 7:30 PM. Free

NEC APC Users Group Bi-monthly Lee 980-5825

North Am. Amstrad User’s Group. 65-13880 - 74th Ave,
Surrey V3W 7E6 597-0881 R. Scott

Novell Netware Users Peter Whitelaw 669-8789 monthly

Port Coq. Computer Club Commodore Amiga & IBM 1st
and 3rd Tues 7:30 Poco Rec Cent 2100 Wilson Ave 942-
4286

Software B.C. General Meetings, 3rd Thurs of month in Van-
couver, #400 - 1190 Melville St., Vancouver, 684-7432.

Tandy 1000+ Club Meets 2nd Mon. 7pm Kwantlen College,
Newton Campus, Rm 209 or 211. Len Boscoe 574-5419

Súr-Tandy 1000+ Club

The New Apple Alliance May Chow 435-7609 last Saturday
of month in Kitsilano Neighbourhood House.

TI Computer Club Central Richmond. Meets 2nd Wed of
each month. Phone Keith at 261-2739

Trace (Richmond Atari Club) Thompson Comm. Centre
Leg Lane Richmond, 272-5789 1st & 2nd Monday 7:30-
30

Vancouver Electronic Publ. Assoc. Box 24776, Van 875-
0677 Gen. meet.1st Mon. 7pm, BC Club, Enterprise Cent,
750 Pacific Blvd S. Commodore & QMS Product Demos

Vancouver Netware User’s Group Les Lebbrant 275-2829.
Meets 1st Mon of the month.

Vancouver PC Users Group Planetarium 734-0060, $20/year
membership. 7:00 pm 2nd Thurs

Van. Sinclair Users Group.Supports all Timex-Sinclair com-
puters. 2nd Fri. Killamey Comm.Cent., Gerde 931-5509

Vantari 34-3046 Coast Meridian, Pt. Coq. Judy Hercus or
Don Hatch, Hastings Comm. Ctr 3096 E Hastings, 2nd Wed.

Wang System User Assoc. 736-8841 ext 227 J.P. Doiron

99 Users Group Every Thurs. 7-10 pm, Cameron Rec Cent.,
Bby. Ron:522-2598. 1st Thurs Games, 2nd Thurs General
3rd‘ Thurs Tutorials 4th Thurs Copying Prog.

WANTED TO SELL

3 - TS2068 computers - new,
never used........... $80 each
1 - Spectrum Interface 1 and
single microdrive complete
with “Twister Board"...$1 00
3 - Jutan recorders {white

1 - TS2040 printer... $20
1 - Kempston Joystick I/F for
Spectrum edge conctr....§30
3 - 400 Spectrum programs.
Prefer to sell programs as a
lot..make an offer.
Various Spectrum-emulation
devices: cart-port emulators,
Internal ROM-switches. plug-in
ROMs, etc.
Many TS books and manuals.
Open to best offer on all items.
Call. RUDY ..(604)291-1527

PEELE
YOUR FREE
ADVERTISEMENT
COULD BE HERE!!

TURN THOSE
UNW ANTED
ITEMS INTO

FILTHY
LUCRE!

Model 1 Model 2

Model 3: This model uses a fuse in series with a line-socket into
which you plug your equipment. The idea of the fuse is to provide a
disconnect for your equipment in case of a catastrophic transient such as
a lightning strike. The current rating of the fuse must be sufficient to
supply all of the equipment plugged into the protected line-outlet. Note:
since I have not had, nor do I wish to have the experience of testing it
during a direct lightning hit, this circuit is presented untested, with
that improbable risk in mind. It is also advisable to tape the fuseholder
to protect young children. Suffice it to say that I have been continuous-
ly using all three models in my home, with a noticeable decrease in the
number of observed TV glitches, and with no indication of heat or any
other signs of failure ( Heat could be caused only by very large, long
duration transients ).

2 Amp fuse

Varistor
180ZA10

Model 3

GE-MOV II varistors and their technical specifications are
available from:
R-A-E Industrial Electronics Ltd., 3455 Gardner Court, Burnaby, B.C.
V5G4J7, Phone 291-8866. It is advisable to phone regarding in-stock
varistor availability.

Model 4: This protector is installed right inside the Timex/Sinclair
computer -- right at the 9 volt input jack, or as close to it as possible.
`The varistor to use is a V18ZA1 ($1.51). You can install it right across
the 22mfd filter capacitor connections. 13

MC POINTERS
by W.RIGTER

Definition:

An indentifier or indicator of the location ef data; for example an address,
an algorithm for generating an address ,a cade far generating an address or a
destination ar source desiqnator.[fiJ] : A useful suggestion or hint.[2]

INTRODUCTION

In this introduction ta Z8Q programming we focus on small, efficient routines,
that provide maximum power in minimum size.

Such programs are small enough to be understood by reading a short functional
desciption and by reading the annotated source code.

A library of short programs and subroutines is used ta build complex programs
with a modular structure. J

This approach has benefit for robotic controllers,and small personal computers
because of highly concentrated code coupled with modular structure.

A short review af the Z800 and the tools te write Z80 MC programs is required
to establish a common terminclagy. :

Z80 M/L

The mest popular cru chip in the world is .... you guessed it: the Z80:
It is a cheap, easy to use processor with a powerful instruction set for which
alot af software has been written. It has found it’s way into numerous products

, especially in personal computer and controller applications.

It is software upwardcempatible with cider 6080 CFU but has much enhanced
registers imiuding & aitetindve seu we ical registers and new index registers.
The Z80 can execute 158 (net including the unofficial anes) different types of
instructions.

In order ta write Z80 software, it is essential ta obtain a copy of the Z80

Data Book which contains a complete description and detailed references for the
programmer.

What makes it tick? .... A simple description is the analogy of a human being
reading a book of instructions with eyes to read and pencil and paper to write
and a finger pointing to the first instruction on the top. left corner of page 1.
The book of instructians is the ROM , the pencil and notebook is the RAM and the
finger is the program counter pointing to the first instruction after reset.
The brain interprets the instruction, advances the finger to read the next part
of the instruction, then tells the hand to turn several pages“to point to a new
instruction. VOILA, we have just executed a JP NN istruction with the finger
pointing to new location NN. For human beings this is a slow boring task but for
‘the CPU chip and memory it comes natural and FAST!

I would like to introduce the fundamental levels of computer operation and shaw
how layer by layer the concept of the computer changes until we reach AI and
beyond .

Assuming a Z80 personal computer Cie TS1000) and the Z80 Data Book, let's lack
a bit closer at how we can deal more efficiently with CPU instructions, by usinc
some of the powerful tools of the programming trade.

BINARY CODE

To begin, the most primitive representatian of any program are the bytes in RAF
or ROM which tell the CPU what to do. These are the instruction codes and data
which mean everything to the CFU but very little to all but the most dedicated
M/L enthusiast.

These bytes are the product cf a multilevel programming environment and, other
than the space they occupy, are of little interest to the programmer.

14

HEX CODE

The next level up , still quite primitive, is the world of M/L instructions ane
HEX codes asssembled by hand. All that is needed is a Z839 Data Handbook and some
Paper and you can, in theory, write a program which is then translated by hand
inte HEX or Decimal numbers which in turn are poked into memory.

With a M/L monitor HEX data can be directly entered inte memory and utilities
such as Block Move , HEX Dump and sometimes Disassembler are provided to view
and manipulate data. It still requires hand assembly and although I have written
a number of small programs (including a 100 byte Game of Life) with such tools
but don’t recommend it It does however build an appreciation of the relations
between High Level Language programming and the code that the CPU actually uses.

Compact coding habits are acquired of necesity at this level.

ASSEMBLER

The first practical working level is the Assembler programming environment.
Symbolic names, used to replace physical values af data and program modules,
allow the program to be written fram the "Top Down"

The programmer has more conceptual freedom when he: can write programs without

worrying about the details. i
Part II next issue.

THE VARIASLE DISPLAY ROUTINE APPLICATIONS

ao Some application examples that spring to

bu W.RIGTER ind are : `
INTRODUCTION 1. worderocess ing

interupt driven 2. animated games
provides the following 7 s: lowres graphics.
text screens: - Spreadsheets
S. floating point calcs
4. 54X28 (952) character display 6. realtime control prosrams

2. 65X56 (S888) plot ea

S. relocatable screen

4. multiple screens

5. adjustable screen height

6. SLOW mode XS spéed increase

7. Hay bE mapped into ser ngvar i zk
. string functions org rate on

| COPY to printer usi

The YOR routine evolved from a need to
store multiple plotted graphics files and
to move these files to the screen in rapid
succesion producing an animated picture.
In addition a voice synthesizer had to be
frequently loaded with phoneme data for
vocal acCOmpaniment.

This program realy stretched the limits

ë. Window On large string ar
31. fast SCROLL in BASIC

12. fast animation in BASIC
23. No N/L code required
i4.-compatable With normal screen
215. multitasking Capability

All this requires less than 6@ bytes of
achine code (ML) and a few lines oF BRSIC
to impliment.

The Key to these improvements stem from
the replacement of the TIMEX video routine
With the Variable Display Routine shown in
testing i.

The term Variable has š triple meaning in
the sense that UDR permi its direct display
OF 4 string Variable as well as the
variable display size atid location oF the
screen and the variable SLON mode
execution time.

The BASIC lines in listing 2 tan be used
to glue UDR to existing or few ‘BASIC

programs.

Almost every TIMEX program ever
can benefit from some improvere
oniy minor changes to the
program.

yI or M Soregrams fit:

exploit ‘All the above advantages.

GFTS1G6@G Machine language speed.

Tre solution was to turn tables on the
display.

Like the proverbial Mohaghed and we
Mountain it is much faster to move
screen to the display data than it is Ao
hove the data to the screen.

Similarly scrolling characters, lines or
the whole screen is achieved by BOvVing the
screenlocation like a Sliding Window over
a large array of display data.

Since the SLOW mode video is interupt
driven, I/O (ie a voice synthesizer or a
Real Time Clock) can be read or loaded at
precise 16.7 mSec intervals. .

ñiternatelu it possible to Suit-h
programs during the interupt to achieve

true multitasking.

HOW IT WORKS

An overview of Videc concepts is in
order,tc help understand the actual
functions provided by VER. 5

On the video monitor screen you see a
series of luminescent dots and dashes
excited by an electron beam scanning the
tube from left to right and from top to
bottom. If the keam is electronically
turned off while scanning, a black dot or
dash appears because Gf a lack of
excitement.

Tre Signal that switches the beam on and
off is Called VIDEG and with the addition
of sunc signals it is called COMPOSITE

UID EÜ.

syne signals t
i} Circuit when to
top of the screen
return it to the left side af t SCreen
These are called the = vertic 1 and
horizontal suno signals 2 REY ccur

lines during dt

number of blank
HL prograss bhile

runs your BASIC and
aoe mode,

z progran is
Nontlaskable Interupt (HHI) ev
When the bottom of the screen is reached
the NMI hands aver contre! to the Vertical
sunc oe Which also cane the
kuboan

After returning to the top of the

š “64 usec.

e end o

the end oF | the ast line

process Pepeat itself ss à

cf the
TIMEX video routine and provides the

The VER routine takes the place

Starting location, screen size-and Tuber
Gf blank lines to the Maskable Interupt
routine.

It is also possible to update some I/O at
beginning or end of YOR or even to Switch
to different programs at the end Of each
display giving the appearance Gf a mimber
of independent Programs running
simultaneously.

Hote that BASIC or ML prosrams only run
during blank lines and that increasing the
Tumber of blank line increases the speed
Of these prograns.

Naturally this is offset by the fever
Character lines that are on the screen but
the transitionsin screen size are smooth
gid cause no flicker.

Hany programs require only a modest
“display and can take advantage Of max. SX
imereacse in computation speed. ñ
Suitching can be done ‘on th flu" and is
Superior in ap ppearance ‘to ane transition

r point of

This is important ` pror
line screen

view since the larger
provides less blank lines iz therefore
Slower than the normal slow mode. The
Fight combination of ‘Small and large
screen, dynamically. switched, yields the
OPTI he uii results.

The ability to set the location of the
screen alious a. rapid sequence oF
different screens to give the appearance
of animation.

16

Rapid scrolling if
incrementing the screen
1434, etc.

iS Scheme is ` ideal for
Spreadsheet Scanning or word processing

POSSible by
location by +Z

ae

SOFTWARE DETAILS

To understand the routine in
let me review the standard ZX
rized in listing 3.
UNITY the Slow mode and that OFILE,
and the screen parameters were previously
initialized, the video routine is entered
When the HHI routine (66) increments reg
A", Which holds the mimber of blat lines
hove atid below the screent, and causes A"

to overflow.

This if followed by ing of the
imterupted program regist (6F), loading
reg HL with (DFILE), and a jump via (IX)
Se e start of the ZX video routine at
ZOL‘.

Tre vector address in IX Can be changed
to point to aà new routine ie VDR.

Because carefull syncronization with the
video horizontal scan is required, some of
the instructions in these routines are
used to achieve precise delays but without
any other purpose, Which mau have caused
Fa ae Catching over Reaningless

listing 1
Video as

t. va

p needed to start the t

itt top lefthand corner or
display.

f r lo ading

the BC regi
5},

With 2

Keep

he H reg was

it mind that bit 7 of
SET so that an echo of PFHE is addressed
and that with ML execution above 33K the
SCL Chip forces NOFS (63) on the data bus

sO that the Z&@ Chip simply fetches each
Character from OFILE updating the program
counter (PC) but is fooled into executing
NOFS instead Of the opcode the characters
would normally represent.

When bit 6 of the character code is a 1
then the SCL chip is disabled from forcing
NOFS and instead the true cpcode of the
Character is executed.

This is a HALT (N/L) instruction
OFILE and may occur at 1 te 33 byte
intervals for collapsed or full size
displays. In ZX as well as the URR
routines a horizontal scan line is
terminated with a maskable interupt which
occurs when address line 6 goes low during
refresh time, as determined by bit 6 oF
the R register.

Since reg R is loaded vith reg A during
the Interupt routine (431 this value,
previously loaded at 257, determines the
horizontal line length as the R reg is
automatically incremented for each opcode
icharacter} fetch.

Using the interupt routine, 35 characters
are possible without a N/L character or
less if N/L is present to terminate the
line execution.

Part II next issue.

ooo BOLD AS BRAZX ¢¢¢

by Fe Nachbaur

This is the first in a series of
“custom character set” listings

for your Timex/Sinclair machines “PHS STICK EH 4-5 °

Vant to make gour screen output 123456782?

really AND ? Try this LD

32-colunn ‘8X8 bit matrix) sete BCDEFGH I JKLHNOPORSTUVUXYZ
:X& t (y—_ _[G@G1€N+ @

The accompanying listing is for

the TS1@9G/2x81i with static RAN PEEL SS Le

ond SHR-Extended BASIC. Tie UDG cde fgh i jk lnnoparstuvuxyz

definitions arg in a sab routine anaa —

storting ot line 98698, The last

three digits of each line number sihe uic Bronn- f foxes jumped

fou nay; of course, concatenate STEE QUICK BONN FOXES JUMPED

the definitions to save memoru,

but “1i-liners” ore easy to read. E=m*c2 2416-65536 2H_O €2H + ol
~ € SINCE) w EXPC-K7/t?) + Va?

In this article: the print ross
ore 9 bits (lines) apart, giving
better readabilitu. SHR-EB makes
this easy, vio its PRINT AT cos-
nend., However: the normai S-line
increment is entirelu acceptable
im most applications»

"“Normal™ video is capitais. rev-
erse video is re-cdefined os lou-
er cases Feel free to reverse it
if vou nish, Inverse numbers are
“superscripts.” hendu for doing
exponents ond such. Inverse sua-
bols parallel ‘stendard’! Hematxt
ond 2X-TERH*8S conventions.

Change the patterns “to taste.”

fo BS ped pea pea pea
-J (n (n e O

SR HR THEN CLS
sus gaga

TS2668 AND SPECTRUH:

Users of other computers; don't
feel left outs This pattern set
can be used on your mechine too,
but ucu'tll have te either change
the hex strings to bineru to use
with the UDG BIN commands: or to
decimal to POKE them directly to
the UDG pattern oreas

NEXT TIHE» ++

Next issue I’il try to work up a
GOTHIC character set. Heonuhi le,
have fun ttt -

PS < ñ “Dungeon of Ymir" dungeon
construction set is available on

the NNN. Check it out! NOTE: I'm
no longer able to “plug” the ol’

200 PRINT “ETHE GUICK BROWN FOX

ZX on the NNN, It’s up to Y'ALL ES JUMPED", “OUER THE LAZY D06.8K"”
to Keep the fire burning: 205 PRINT :
210 PRINT "E=ZsEE 2Ħ16=-65536 2
H
-220 PRINT S.
© PRINT `Q E E SINGH + EXPi-
+ U - Tae 26; “Dt
IF USR HR THEN LIST
sLGu

IF INKEY$="H" THEN IF USR H

R THEN RUN

260 IF ENKEY ESAS THEN IF USR H
R THEN RETUR ⁄ H,

290 IF TNKEY $<; -CHR$ 116 THEN GO
TG 270

295 IF USR HR THEN RETURN

See ‘STOP

17

8999 REM BISAN ase .
$000 IF USR HR THEN LPRINT YDG;
“,"8S,80 ,89,09,00,00,96,00"

9010 IF USR HR THEN LPRINT UDG; ``
= “6C,60,46,24,06,00,;00,00"°"S5,
36,12,24,60,00;00,00"

9012 IF ÚSR HR THEN. LPRINT UDG;“
£","6C,6C,FE,6C,6C,FE,6C,6C,06"

seis IÉ USR AR THEN LPRINT. UDG;"

$",°16,7C,00,70,16,7C,16,6a"
Goias IF USR HR THEN LERINT UDG; £
:“,"°O@,600,15,16,060,168,16,83"

seis IF USR HR THEN LERINT UDG;

“7C,CE.CC,18,16,00,16,00"
Seis IÉ USR HR THEN LPRINT UDG; ”
“,°@C,165,.30,50,30,16,0C,08"
7 IF USR AR THEN LeERINT UDG; "`
*SG,16,0C,8C,0C,16,.50,62a"
is IF USR ÅR THEN LPRINT UDG;
“60,50,.16,09C,16,50,66,60"
IF USR AR “THEN LPRINT UDG; "
2.350,12,0C,08"
THEN LERINT UDG; *
eC, 7C, 06,860"

uD
Liisi

= THEN EPRINT J

"00. 780,88 FE 38 6C. oo, ee"

` HR THEN LPRINT UDG;

10 le e :@ tO TO 7070 O

93 ,,00,88,88,16,.18,08
> IF USE fee “THEW LÊRI
“00, 00.00, S. 98.19, noe"

i 3,C6,7C,00
ë Sh HR THEN LPRINT
“,°@C,10,3C,50,FE,00,0C,88"
If USR HR THEN LPRINT

asa IF USR HR -THEN LÊRINT | Pupe; "
“,"°1C,36,60,7C;C6,C6,7C, 98"
os IF usr HR THEN LORINT UDG;

cé,cé,70,Cé,Ce, 70,68"

IF USR HR THEN LPRINT UDG; ”
2“7C,06,C6,7C,0C,16,76,90" -
9036: IF USR. HR. THEN LPRINT poez

2"3C,66,C@,C8,C6,66,.5C,68

S042 IF use HR THEN LPRINT UDG; *`

D“ ,“F8,CC ,C5 ,C6,Ce ,CC ,F8 ,00"%

ee42 IF UŠE HE THEN LPRINT oe

E“,“FE,C8,CO,FS&,.CO,CS8,FE,

Soe45 IF uSk AR ‘THEN PERINY ioe: "

F“,“FE,CO.CO,FC,.CO,CO.CO, 09"

so44 IÉ UŠR HR THEN LPRINT UDG; `

G“,“3C,66,C@,CE,C6,66,3C,6e"

S645 IF USR HR THEN LPRINT UDG; "`

H”,°C6&,C6&,CE,FE,.CE&,.C6.CE,92"

gode IF USE AR THEN LPRINT LD Y
2"3C,16,16,16.16,16,3€ ,0e@"

Sed IF USR AR THEN LPRINT UDG; *

J“, “3E,6C,0C,9C,8C,CC,76,628"

So@4s IF USR HR THEN LPRINT UDG; "`

K","CE,CC,06,F6,0E,CC,.cé&,e0"

sede IF | USR ls THEN LPRINT UDG; "
“ce, ,c@,C@,.Ce,CO,FE,68"

sede SES USE HE THEN LPRINT UDG;
“62,C6.FE, DS. c6é,cé6.cCé,00a

18

9051 IF USR HR THEN LPRINT UDG;

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9052 IF UŠR HR THEN LPRINT UDG;
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246 IF UŠR AR THEN LERINT UDG;
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89990 RETURN :

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inted from the Jul/Aug 86 issue of QZX, the

Repr
Journal Covering Amateur Radio & Sinclair Computers

—
NO

A Monitor Connection for the T/S 1500

One does not have to use a TV set
with the Sinclair computers. The TV
modulator can be bypassed and the signal
sent directly to a monitor. Connections
have been given in past QZX issues, but in
response to a question from a reader the
following instructions were put together for
the T/S 1500. At least for our main circuit
board, the procedure is very simple.

First open the case. This is done by
turning the computer over and removing
five screws from the base. Some of the
screws are under the little rubber feet, so
these have to be removed first. A little
glue may be necessary to keep the feet on
after this operation. The screws are all the
same length so you do not have to keep
special track of which one came from where
as you do on the ZX81.

Next turn the computer right side up
and carefully remove the top. You cannot
separate it completely from the bottom
because the keyboard is attached to the
circuit board by two cables. There is no
need to detach these cables. Just move the
keyboard as far toward you as possible
without straining the cable connections.
The object is to uncover the area around the
TV modulator, which is the large metal box
in the upper left hand corner.

All that is necessary is to attach a
small coax cable to the circuit board. A
convenient cable to use is a short piece of
RG 174. Any other good quality shielded
cable will work.

The coax shield should be connected
to one end of R 16, a 220 obm resistor near
the modulator box. The shield should be
connected to the side of the resistor near
po keyboard, away from the earphone
jack.

The center conductor should be
connected to the left end of R 30, a 1500
ohm resistor. This end is near the TV
modulator box, away from the big IC in the
nearby socket.

Feed the cable out of the computer
case through the earphone jack hoie, attach
the appropriate connector on the free end to
suit your monitor, and that is it.

I This conversion was done on a Timex
circuit board number 338-850000-01 A but
will work with others too.

Not much work and will probably
increase your resolution.

z=y>moo O-n- > VD

JES

The Vancouver Sinclair Users Group has been in existence since
1982. We are a support group for the owners and users of all
SINCLAIR and TIMEX computers.

Pres:- Gerd Breunung PH#(604) 931-5509
V/Pres:- Glenn Read

Sec:- Harvey Taylor

Treas. & N/L Editor:- Rod Humphreys

Our membership dues are only $15.00/year and may be sent to
the Treasurer:

Rod Humphreys
2006 Highview Place
Port Moody, B.C., V3H 1N5

Members of VSUG receive a monthly issue of ZXAppeal - our
newsletter. .

ZXAppeal accepts advertising. Our **PREPAID** rates are:

$10.00 — full page
$8.00 — 1/2 page
$5.00 — 1/4 page

ZXAppeal is distributed to approx 30 other SINCLAIR User
Groups throughout North America as well as overseas via the
NETWORK. NETWORK correspondence may be directed to the
Editor at the above address.

Copyright of all articles appearing in ZXAppeal is retained by
the author with the understanding that other T/S User Groups
may reprint any article appearing in ZXAppeal provided credit
is given to the author and VSUG